Paper
Review on the Established Links Between Obesity and Insulin Resistance, with Honey as an Agent in the Management of the Disease
- Authors:
- Izmil Haikal Zainol; Suhana Samat; Wan Iryani Wan Ismail
- Abstract
- The availability of and wide access to fat-rich foods in modern times have been pinpointed as key to the development of the current obesity pandemic, aside from reduced physical activity and genetic factors. Obesity is closely related to increases in adiposity as well as adipocyte hypertrophy, which in turn makes sufferers susceptible to insulin resistance. In the case of obesity, adipocytes increase the plasma concentration of free fatty acids, resulting in insulin resistance. This hinders protein transporter GLUT4 translocation in the insulin-signalling pathway. In addition, recent findings revealed that activation of the M1 macrophage is also one of the mechanisms contributing to insulin resistance. The adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) also releases pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, MCP-1 and PAI. Together with the attenuation of adipocytokines derived from the hypertrophy adipocytes, including adiponectin and leptin, it is fundamental to insulin resistance development in obese individuals. A natural product tested for treating obesity is honey; previous in vivo studies suggest that honey might play a role in monitoring weight gain, and therefore could be instrumental in controlling the obesity pandemic facing the world.
- Keywords
- Adipocytokines; Free Fatty Acids; Honey; Insulin Resistance; Insulin Signalling Pathway; Macrophages; Obesity
- StartPage
- 142
- EndPage
- 150
- Doi