Volume 1 Issue 9
Authors: Shaoqing Li; Yaling Dai; Hongwei Mo
Abstract: Thermal environment is a very important composition of urban ecosystem. This paper presents an investigation on the application of combining remote sensing (RS) with geographic information systems (GIS) to detect urban cool island intensity (UCII) and the assessment of its associated ecosystem in Chang- Zhu-Tan urban agglomeration, Hunan Province in China. Land surface temperature (LST) retrieved using single-channel method from Landsat data during the year of 1989, 2001 and 2006. Four typical areas with different land covers are selected to study the influence on UCII. It is found that the different rural baselines obvious influence the value of UCII, and the maximum being larger than 2℃. And the relationship among UCII, NDVI and atmospheric diffusion were calculated. The results show that there is a negative correlation between UCII and NDVI, but the correlation coefficient of linear regression equation drop from - 0.845 to -0.606. The urban cool island makes the atmosphere stable above the city and inhibits the atmospheric diffusion that aggravates the air pollution among Chang-Zhu-Tan urban agglomeration.
Keywords: Urban cool island; land surface temperature; NDVI; thermal inertia; atmospheric diffusion; Chang-Zhu-Tan urban agglomeration
Authors: Wu Xiushan; Jia Yifu; Du Lihui; Han Xu
Abstract: This paper introduces a new toll collection system design, which uses piezoelectric power generation to supply the running of ETC system. Toll stations will be separate from the municipal supply, and really become self-supplied. Additionally, this paper contains analysis of its feasibility and environmental impact assessment for construction and operation of highway during its operation. We hope that this design can reduce environmental impact caused by construction and operation of toll station.
Keywords: Highway; Piezoelectric ceramic; SSETC (Self-supporting Electronic Toll Collection System)
Authors: Li Zhang; Zhuo Wei; Jinshi Yao; linlin Guan; Lin Li; Donghui Wei; Fang Yang
Abstract: A simplified method to measure the working area of farm machineries was found based on the study of field test, and a dynamic vehicle field area-measurement system based on GPS-OEM was built. The system has high speed of information collection and high area measure accuracy with an error rate lower than 2%. The portability and convenience of this system enable farm machineries to realize dynamic real-time working area measure.
Keywords: Working area of farm machineries; Dynamic area measure system; GPS; Vehicle-carrying; CAN Bus Network
Authors: Ye Sun; Zhen Liu
Abstract: High frequency Nanoelectromechanical resonator is one of the most significant countermeasures for high sensitivity mass sensing. A membrane resonator provides stable property and therefore is widely used for the purpose. Of all the membrane materials, Graphene, a new material that won the Nobel Prize in 2010, can be considered as a semiconductor and patterned into arbitrary shapes. Due to its easiness of controlling, graphene has called more and more attention in recent years. This paper analyzed the fundamental mechanisms of both single-layer and multiple-layer graphene resonators with diverse membrane shapes. Based on the analyses, a theory that could be applied to designing the high sensitivity mass sensor is proposed. Moreover, two key issues of mass sensors, i.e., the responsivity and sensitivity, are also computed. The study is directed to outline a theoretical framework for graphene resonators and its application in mass sensing.
Keywords: Mass sensor; grapheme; resonator; single-layer; multiple-layer; ultrahigh frequency
Authors: Yan Bin; Chen Hong; Wang Lu
Abstract: From an adjacent tunnel group characteristics, the paper analyzed traffic signs setting problems of adjacent tunnel group based on ergonomics and traffic flow theory. The paper analyzes the conditions of how the drivers to make effectively use of passed information from traffic signs. Based on analysis of the relationship among visual inertia, variety velocity of pupil area, theoretical models of how to effectively establish traffic signs was set up. The proposed model is tested in adjacent tunnel groups of Liuan-Wuhan expressway, and road safety, location, reasonable depression angle and exit distance of adjacent tunnel group traffic signs are calculated and analyzed. The model is verified its rationality. The results can provide theoretical guidance for how to set up exit traffic signs of the adjacent tunnel group scientifically.
Keywords: adjacent tunnel groups; traffic sign; depression angle; visual inertia
Authors: Zhu Cheng; Li Zhongxuan
Abstract: Multifractals can be widely used in describing complexity of nature and depicting geometric measures defined on fractal objects. To analyze the changes of spatial distribution of human sites, attempts have been made to calculate the multifractal spectra of the discovered 143 human sites in the Stone Age around the Sanxia Reservoir of the Chongqing City, China. Due to generalized dimension results, the range of 0.7573~1.2897 for Paleolithic sites and that of 0.7006 to 1.2007 for Neolithic sites, which suggests that the pattern of the Paleolithic site distribution is assembled overall, the Neolithic site, however, appears relatively dispersal. Considering multifractal dimension spectra of the both, the range for Neolithic site distribution is 0.2284~1.0, with comparison of that of Paleolithic sites, indicates that spatial distribution of the Neolithic sites is more homogeneous than that of the Paleolithic sites. Another, different ranges of the generalized dimension spectra reflect that the altitude of the Paleolithic sites changed rapidly but in the Neolithic period was sluggish, moreover, the fixed height of the Neolithic sites in over 6000 years may imply a stronger adaptability of humanity in the Neolithic Age than that in the Paleolithic period.
Keywords: multifractal spectrum; the Sanxia Reservoir area; archaeological sites; spatial distribution
Authors: Wang Yu; Tang Bo; Li Nansheng
Abstract: This paper deals with a two-dimensional temperature field with phase-changing procedure and stress distribution of shallow-buried oil pipelines and corresponding heat engineering parameters in seasonally frozen ground regions under severe climate condition. While freezing-thawing soil is constructed as foundation of oil pipelines, it is significant to take into account its special thermal, mechanical properties and behavior, to apply loads and temperature change of frost soil will often lead to irreversible restructure of the system, causing thermal-stress relaxation and creep deformation. Namely, the strength and deformation of freezing-thawing soil certainly change with ambient temperature-fluctuation, which will greatly affect oil-pipeline’s safety and stability, the oil-pipelines deformed in an impermissible way under some situations, and finally damage the oil-pipelines. Through detailed deduction of the computational equations and by use of the commercial finite element software (ANSYS), we arrive at some helpful and instructive results.
Keywords: oil pipeline in cold region;phase change temperature field;ansys;coupling thermal-stress;freeze-thaw security
Authors: Tengfei Long; Weili Jiao; Wei Wang
Abstract: As the geometric rectification methods are mostly based on ground control points (GCPs), the geometric accuracy of remote sensing image usually fails to meet the demand in the area lack of GCPs. In the paper, the advantages and disadvantages of ground control straight-lines (GCLs) used for geometric rectification are discussed in detail first. After introducing the conventional geometric correction methods based on points, a novel geometric correction method based on straight-line features is proposed, the method is not confined to a specific imaging geometric model, and feature points and straight-line features are united to estimate the geometric model. Bundled aerial triangulation equations with tied straight-lines are deduced, and tied straight-lines are applied to block adjustment when GCPs or GCLs are adequate. In the test, instead of merely using control points, the geometric accuracy is guaranteed by using control points together with control straight-lines in the region deficient in feature points.
Keywords: Linear feature; Ground control straight-line; Geometric rectification; Generic imaging model
Authors: Shuqin Zhang; Shitang Tong
Abstract: SACs was modified by SO2 (not N2) from high sulfur oil sand fluid coke and used to enhance sorption capacity for cationic and oxyanionic metal species. The optimum adsorption conditions of SACs for Cu(II) were studied and further research for the evaluation of the adsorption capacity of Cu(II) on SACs was 68.02mg·g-1, this data was higher than the capacity of ACs. As the higher BET surface, the adsorption ability of copper on SACs was higher than the ACs but the sorption character was the same for little temperature effect.
Keywords: Activated Carbon; Modification; Adsorption; Copper ions
Retrieval of High Altitude Thin Cirrus Reflectivity from Simplified Model of Earth-atmosphere System
Authors: ZiJun Liao; ChunPing Yang
Abstract: Cirrus is composed of ice particles of the various shapes in the upper atmosphere. It has an important role in atmospheric radiation balance and the temperature feedback. Cirrus can reflect sunlight into the satellite detectors in the upper atmosphere. Therefore, cirrus reflectivity has serious noise affect for using satellite sensors to recognize the target. In this paper, combining 1.37 ?m with 0.66 ?m two-channel relationship of moderateresolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS) and the principle of optical remote sensing, the 1.375?m and 0.66?m two-channel algorithm to calculate the reflectivity of cirrus was deducted. In this paper further proposed a simplified model of earthatmosphere system. The model parameters of the calculation are simple and easy, and cirrus cloud reflectivity can be quickly inverted in a particular pixel region. Then a new method can be introduced to achieve algorithm by the slope of the scatter. The paper describes the detailed process how the software of ENVI extracts reflectance data from the HDF file, and discusses the principle of the algorithm and the key step in solving the inversion algorithm. The reasons and implementation for block processing scheme are analyzed, furthermore, using the method on neighborhood smoothing to process inversion results with noise is to get the more ideal cirrus reflectance data by the corresponding region of space. The inversion results show that the visible reflectance of cirrus clouds is basically less than 0.40.
Keywords: Cirrus cloud; Reflectivity; Remote sensing; MODIS; ENVI
Authors: Jinbo Zhang; Jin Tong; Caihua Li; Xue Di; Yunhai Ma
Abstract: The stacked microstructure of shell was analyzed by SEM, the results showed that the structure of shell is a kind of biological ceramic composite, which is composed of calcite, aragonite and collagen. The calcite layer has irregular laminated structure, and the aragonite layer has regular laminated structure which are composed of staight aragonite strips. The results of nanoindentation test showed that both the hardness and elastic modulus of aragonite layer are higher than those of calcite layer. It was illustrated that the carrying capacity of aragonite layer is higher than that of calcite layer under the same conditions. According to the further observation of nanoindentation apperance of shell, the crack propagation modes of two materials are different. The crack shape of calcite is irregular but the aragonite layer`s is relative straight. The aragonite layer has excellent mechanical properties.
Keywords: chlamys farerri shell; stacked microstructure; mechanical properties; ceramic composite
Authors: YongSong Zhu
Abstract: The paper studies the arithmetic of encryption and decrytion based on Logistic, the arithemtic of hiding and restoring encripted pictures based on DCT. Meanwhile, the author uses the two arithemtics to encript and hide images to get safer carrier images, analyzes the peak signal-to-noise ratio and realizes the whole process through Matlab.
Keywords: encryption;chaotic model; DCT transform; decryption; signal-to-noise ratio
Authors: Liu Feng; Chen Cunyou; Hu Xijun
Abstract: The quantitative analysis of the urban landscape structure evolution has become an important research field of the urban sustainable development. Basing on Yiwu city remote sensing image, supporting by GIS, the landscape index is selected for Yiwu city landscape pattern research. The results indicate that the overall landscape constitution of natural landscape and semi-natural landscape in the research area are declining in general, the fragmentation index is in rising trend, the increasing of artificial landscape, the declining of fragmentation index that indicates the extent of the landscape by human disturbance continue to strengthen; the overall landscape diversity index is in increasing trend in the research area, the difference is decreasing in various types of plaques area proportion, which indicates the complexity of the landscape structure and composition increase; the density of the research area road network increased steadily, but the density of road corridors is not high, the road network structure is still not perfect; the green corridor construction has also been strengthened, but the green space is extremely uneven distribution.
Keywords: urban landscape; landscape structure; remote sensing image; Yiwu
Authors: Hongyang Cao; Zhiguang Li; Yadong Bian
Abstract: Sensitivity analysis of Influence factors is a basic research for region landslide field, slope gradient and vegetation coverage is the important thing of all factors. The slope gradient is obtained by the DEM data, which is divided into several zones. The contribution rates of every zone of slope gradient is calculated by GIS technology and the proposed landslide influence factor contribution rate method. The sensitivity analysis between slope gradient and landslide is quantitatively obtained through the above method. It shows the slope gradient among 20ο-30ο is the most sensitive zone. The type of vegetation coverage was classified by remote sensing supervised classification technology. The internal relation between landslides and the type of vegetation coverage was revealed by spatial analysis method of geography information system. Contribution rate of every coverage factor for the landslide was obtained. The conclusion gives the support for the policy of conversion of cropland to forest, and lays a foundation for the research of region landslides prediction. It shows that the technology of remote sensing and geography information system have a special advantage for the sensitivity analysis of region landslides influence factors. This result provides a new idea for assessments of regional landslide hazards and is of great significance to regional geo-hazard planning and prediction.
Keywords: remote sensing; geography information system; region landslide; vegetation factors; slope gradient factors
Authors: WJ. Niu
Abstract: This paper intends to give a better understanding of the THM behavior of GMZ bentonite with mathematical models based on the test results. Results indicate that water content and dry density affect not only thermal conductivity but also unconfined compressive strength and elastic modulus of GMZ-1 Na bentonite. Saturated permeability of GMZ-1 Na bentonite increases with temperature increase which is a linear relationship and decreases with dry density increase. At last, temperature effects on intrinsic permeability of bentonite were investigated. For GMZ-1 Na bentonite, dry density can significantly alter the intrinsic permeability. However temperature only slightly alters the intrinsic permeability of GMZ-1 Na bentonite. Mathematical models of THM behavior derived from sophisticated laboratory experiments can facilitate the establishment of numerical models to predict the behavior of full scale experiments in projects.
Keywords: GMZ-1 Na bentonite; water content;dry density; thermal conductivity;temperature;saturated perm eability