Volume 2 Issue 8
Authors: Weihua Pan; Hui Chen; Chungui Zhang; Jiajin Chen
Abstract: Aerosol retrieval was an important way to estimate the aerosol and microphysical properties of the atmosphere and the aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrieval algorithms had been developed for some decades. The Dense Dark Vegetation algorithm (DDV) advocated by Kaufman was mainly one of methods to retrieve the AOD by using MODIS data, which must be possessed with two basic rules that correlation of the AOD and planetary albedo of red band and blue band were sensitive. On the opposite, the AOD of mid-infrared band was no significant change with the planetary albedo of mid-infrared band. Because the unreasonable selection of aerosol model in DDV method may cause significant error in retrieving of urban scale AOD of high spatial resolution, the error may even be higher than that caused by the surface reflectance uncertainty. To solve the problem, the sensitivity test experiments were carried out by selecting different atmospheric and aerosol models in the study and the surface reflectance was made for the planetary albedo of three channels of MODIS (red channel, blue channel and mid-infrared channel) by 6S (second simulation of satellite signal in the solar spectrum) atmospheric radiation models. As a result, the mid-latitude atmospheric model and urban aerosol model were accord with the two basic rules of DDV algorithms over the Fuzhou city. Furthermore, the AOD over Fuzhou city was retrieved based on MODIS data of November 11th, 2006, and the aerosol properties were described by using the MODIS 500 m resolution images. According the Look Up Tables (LUT) constructed among the planetary albedo, surface reflectance and the AOD, the values of AOD could be computed in different regions of Fuzhou. Moreover, the AOD images of red, blue and mid-infrared bands were derived by DDV and the 550 nm AOD image was made to analyze the spatial distribution characteristic. The resulting 500 m AOD images were highly correlated (r = 0.9) with the PM10 concentration of the air quality monitoring stations of Fuzhou. The results showed that the AOD over Fuzhou had notable spatial distribution features and the AOD was significantly affected by the terrain. The high value areas were mainly located in the plain areas, while the low value areas were mainly in the mountains. Furthermore, there were two high values areas in outline of AOD, one lied in metropolitan area, where was the commercial trade centre in Fuzhou, and the other laid in Mawei development area where many factories and shipbuilding mills were in existence. However, the minimum of AOD mainly laid in high mountains such as Gushan and Qishan mountains, where owned dense vegetation and forest. In conclusion, the AOD layouts retrieved from MODIS data were agreed with the distribution of urban surface types in Fuzhou, and the export and transfer of aerosol grains was slow because of landform. The study demonstrated the applicability of AOD retrieval at fine resolution scales (500 m) in urban areas, and the fine AOD images could be used to analyze the spatial distributions of pollutant sources and urban air quality in Fuzhou city.
Keywords: Aerosol Retrieval; Distribution; DDV Method ; Aerosol Optical Depth ; Fuzhou; Satellite Image
Authors: Jing Yi
Abstract: Global warming has led to the rise of low-carbon economy. Clean energies are developing rapidly around the world. Although nuclear power needs large amount of investment, a long construction period and high technology, it has got a significant advantage of free-pollution in the process of generating. Nuclear power can reach to a lot of emission reduction benefits. What’s more, its markets are ready to be deeply dug. This paper studies the costs and emission-reduction benefits of nuclear power, which is in hope to provide references to China's nuclear power industry.
Keywords: Low Carbon; Nuclear Power; Costs; Emission-reduction Benefits
Authors: Zhao Jianyang; Zhou Haiyan
Abstract: K-means algorithm, which is simple and fast, with a more intuitive geometric meaning, has been widely used in pattern recognition, image processing and computer vision, and achieved satisfactory results. But K-means algorithm is executed to be pre-determined initial cluster center of class, the initial cluster centers class selected have a direct impact on the final clustering results. K-means Initial cluster class of the center selection algorithm based on the great group is presented. The method compared to the other initial cluster center of class selection algorithm, significantly improves the clustering effect.
Keywords: Data Mining; Data Clustering; Initial Cluster Center; Great Group
Authors: Xianfen Xie; Wanrong Gu; Binhui Wang; Qichao Yang
Abstract: Flood disaster is a common comprehensive disaster, and Guangdong Province is one of the areas suffering serious flood disaster. This paper makes an in-depth analysis of the flood disaster in Guangdong through disaster degree and risk zoning. In disaster degree analysis, according to the statistical analysis result on the data of rainstorm event in Guangdong Province during 1997-2007, selecting related indicators in human victims, housing victims, crops victims and economic losses, establishes the Guangdong flood disaster degree comprehensive evaluation model. In the modeling process, based on the characteristics of the actual data of Guangdong, this paper establishes flood disaster assessment criteria, and designs standard function for each indicator. In addition, using entropy evaluation model of Fuzzy synthetic evaluation method adjusts each indicator’s weight and finally calculates the rainstorm victim degree index (IPCE) by year and comprehensive rankings. In risk zoning analysis, firstly selecting related indicators in risk, vulnerability, regional development and regional resilience, based on these build flood disaster risk assessment system, and then also using entropy evaluation method calculates risk index (IGWR) of 21 cities in Guangdong, according to these values divided the 21 cities into four grades, last using R statistical analysis software makes out the risk zoning map. The results show that the annual ranking of IPCE and risk zoning is reasonable and realistic.
Keywords: Rainstorm; Disaster Degree; Entropy Evaluation; Evaluation Model; Risk Assessment; Multi-index
Authors: Weiwei Zhang; Min Li; Weimin Yu
Abstract: The detection of ECG T wave relates to the diagnosis of many heart diseases and it is also a difficult point during the ECG signal detection. This article proposes a T wave detection algorithm based on wavelet and adaptive differential threshold algorithm. The experiment’s results show that this method can detect T wave position accurately with the features of simple algorithm, high calculating efficiency and high resistance to interference. It can provide an efficient way to detect T wave and a guarantee for ST segment’s analysis and estimation and greatly improve the accuracy of heart diseases’ automatic diagnosis.
Keywords: ECG; T Wave Detection; Wavelet Transform; Adaptive Differential Threshold
Authors: Yu Yaguai
Abstract: The conclusion that there is resource interdependence relationship between NGO and government is concluded based resource dependency theory. And resource interdependence relationship between NGO and government is confirmed and expounded through analyses of detailed cooperation mode ‘public service purchasing’ and specific resource ‘fund’. Owing to resource interdependence, degree of NGO towards government is higher than the opposite one, NGO has to endure the external control from government. To reduce external control, development direction of NGO is put forward from three angles: body independence, fund independence and procedure independence.
Keywords: Resource Interdependence; External Control; Independence; Cooperation Mechanism; NGO and Government
Authors: Junzhou Yan
Abstract: This University research team, as a new, flexible and efficient research organization, has attracted concern among the domestic and foreign researchers. It takes an important position in the national innovation system. Based on social network analysis method, the paper has collected data through interview survey and questionnaire of two typical University research teams, and makes a comparative analysis on the netting features of cooperation network. And conclusions that two teams’ cooperation network have huge difference in centralization, density, cliques and network structure. Team size has very important influence to the cooperation density. Team member’s position can influence the structure of cooperation network. Team leader has played an important role in the cooperation network of research team.
Keywords: University Research Team; Social Network Analysis; Cooperation Network; Cliques
Authors: V.V. Gribova; L.A. Fedorischev
Abstract: The article presents an idea and a conceptual architecture of the Internet software environment for creating teachware with virtual reality. Basic principles of development include ontologies for describing a virtual world, design of a project in terms of ontologies, interpretation and generation the virtual world by the project, and implementation as a cloudy service.
Keywords: Virtual Reality; Computer Simulators; Internet; Ontologies; Teachware