Volume 1 Issue 2
Authors: M. Nurul Hassan; Syeda Azeem Unnisa
Abstract: Water supply services is one of the four basic urban services attributed to the urban local bodies and providing this service needs to be met with nine indicators set in Service Level Benchmarks (SLBs) under Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JnNURM) scheme by the Ministry of Urban Development, government of India. The 13th Finance Commission has mandated that all urban local bodies should notify the service level benchmarks and prepare plans for reaching national standards. This study deals with the evaluation of proposed data by the urban local bodies of Hyderabad and Warangal regions, Andhra Pradesh. Most of the regions in both the urban local bodies have proposed targets for water supply connections that meet the benchmark but the current coverage is lacking far behind. Per capita supply of water values is disappointingly low for both the regions compared to the 135 lpcd benchmark. Proposed targets for metering of water connections in Warangal region are only 50% compared to 100% in Hyderabad region but the achieved targets are only 18% and 20-30% in respective areas which is leading to the low cost recovery. However, the most important factor in maintaining the public health is the quality of water which is maintained near perfect standard (90-100%) of the benchmark.
Keywords: Water Supply; Service Level Benchmark; Urban Local Bodies; Indicators
Authors: Nima Mirabedini; Hassan Mina; Jafar Razmi
Abstract: We present a new approach for train timetable scheduling in this paper. This research presents a solution for metro line network to minimize cost and make span including 2 stages as mathematical model and simulation method. In first stage, the optimum number of train is achieved in mathematical model (for example minimum waiting time in system) with considering convenience for passengers. First we analyse Tehran metro network and use mathematical model output (optimal number of trains) in second stage by simulation to obtain average number of passengers in train station, average time of train dispatching, etc. We implement this approach in 5th line of Tehran metro network to consider performance of this. Each data that is achieved from a period of time includes some errors or noises obtained in certain conditions (climate change, work force conditions…) and should not to be considered in general analysis. Therefore we use Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) as one of the best time series technique to clear simulation output data from error or noise and obtain pure data to forecast time series.
Keywords: Mathematical Model; Simulation; Train Scheduling; SSA Technique
Authors: Arun Vijay Subbarayalu
Abstract: PURPOSE: This research paper is designed to outline and document the most critical Occupational Health Problems of Call Centre Workers in India. A Cross Sectional Study design was adopted to capture the prevalence of Occupational Health Problems consisting of Physical, Mental and Psychosocial health issues with specific reference to both the Genders. METHODS: Call Centre Workers (N=180) of both genders belonging to selected Information Technology Enabled Service Industries (ITeS) located at three metropolitan Cities in India formed the population of this study. 60 Samples from each Industry had been selected using a criterion sampling methods. A self-designed pre-tested Questionnaire tool was used to capture the prevalence of self-reported Health complaints among the Call Centre Workers. A Simple percentage technique was adopted to document the proportion of Workers having Occupational Health problems and the Z tests for two proportions were utilized to test the significance between Men and Women Call Centre Workers with respect to its Occurrence. RESULTS: 58% of Call Centre Workers reported that they had experienced some form of Work-related Musculoskeletal Health (WRMSHs) Problems in the preceding 12 months. Low back Pain is the more prominent WRMSHs among Call Centre Workers in which 40% of them were reported to have that problem; Neck Pain (24%) is the next most frequently reported musculoskeletal health Problem. Besides Musculoskeletal Health problems, a significant proportion of Workers reported to have Eye, Ear and Throat related problems. Moreover, the Psychosocial and Mental Health problems were also noted among the Call Center Workers. This study demonstrated a significant difference between the Men and Women Call Centre Workers with respect to the Occurrence of Selected Occupational Health problems. CONCLUSION: This Study concluded that the Occupational Health Problems in the form of Physical, Mental and Psychosocial Health Problems are widely reported among the Call Centre Workers and an appropriate prevention strategy needs to be carried out in order to enable them to work effectively.
Keywords: Occupational Health Problems; Call Center Workers; Information Technology Enabled Service Industries; India.