Volume 2 Issue 2
Authors: Michiel S. de Vries
Abstract: Dutch regional government (provinces) poses an interesting case in that its powers and authority are in decline, whereas in most countries regional governments gain in importance. This decline is not visible in international comparative databases, such as the widely used Regional Authority Index, because formally the power and authority of Dutch provinces are stable. In reality, the provinces are squeezed between expanding municipalities, which cooperate in regional arrangements, but not with the provinces and on the other side Central Government. As a result, the Provinces lost their functions in the social domain, and lack taxing authority. Based on time-series, white papers and actual policies, this article investigates the development in the position of the provinces in the last six years. It concludes that there is an awkward reality behind their position in the middle of international indexes. A reality, that resulted in developments by which the regional authorities in the Netherlands have become pitiful and redundant entities.
Keywords: Netherlands Provinces; Regional Authority; Intergovernmental Relations
Authors: Hassan Mina; Meisam nasrollahi; Seyed Nima Mirabedin; Seyed Hojat Pakzad-Moghadam
Abstract: Nowadays, due to the spread of environmental pollution, customers have become increasingly concerned with environmental issues. In response, organizations have considered to provide green supply network design. Green supplier selection is one of the most significant application tools in this field. In this paper, we implement a fuzzy Analytic network process approach for green supplier selection problem. First, the literature and expert’s opinions were thoroughly reviewed to extract the most important criteria. Since a large number of sub-criteria were found, this research used Delphi technique to reduce number of criteria. The selected criteria have impact on each other; therefore, Analytical Network Process (ANP) was used. Moreover, due to the existence of uncertainty and ambiguity in real world situation, linguistic variables are used to weight criteria and sub-criteria. Finally, this approach was applied to Sepahan Engineering and Equipment Development Company (SEED Co.) vendor list. The obtained results showed the efficiency of the proposed approach in rating suppliers clearly in a reasonable time.
Keywords: Green Supply Chain; Supplier Selection; Fuzzy Theory; Analytical Network Process
Authors: Peng Li; Chuancun Yin; Ming Zhou
Abstract: In this paper, we considered the compound Poisson risk model perturbed by diffusion with a hybrid dividend strategy. Firstly, we used Dynkin's formula to derive the integral-differential equations and boundary conditions satisfied by the expected total discounted dividends until ruin. For example, we obtained the explicit expression for the expected total discounted dividends by applying the integral-differential equations and boundary conditions when claims are exponentially distributed. Then we derived integral-differential equations with boundary conditions for the moment-generating functions and th moments of total discounted dividends until ruin. Finally, the famous Gerber-Shiu function was discussed, and the closed-form expression for the Laplace transform of the ruin time was solved when claims were exponentially distributed.
Keywords: Brownian Motion; Hybrid Dividend Strategy; Dividends; Dynkin's Formula; Moment-Generating Function; Gerber-Shiu Function