Volume 1 Issue 3
Authors: Changshun Wu; Jiani Shou; Peng Yu; Cungui Cheng
Abstract: Horizontal attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (HATR-FT-IR) is to measure the HATR-FT-IR spectra of leaves, epidermis and xylem of Taxus chinensis, Cryptomeria fortunei, Taxodium distichum, and Metasequoia glyptostroboides. Cluster analysis was used to compare the characteristic absorption peaks in different organs of Taxus chinensis, Cryptomeria fortunei, Taxodium distichum, and Metasequoia glyptostroboides, and the result showed that the classification based on the analysis of the plant epidermis was consistent with traditional plant taxonomy result, but based on leaves and xylem was inconsistent with the traditional plant taxonomy results. Then, six feature variants were extracted using discrete wavelet transformation (DWT) analysis. The extracted feature variants were then inputted into the support vector machine (SVM) for classification of Taxus chinensis and other plants. Among the kernel functions the SVM used, the Poly and RBF kernels had the highest accuracy rates. The accuracy of the Poly kernel in Taxus chinensis was 98.33%. The results indicated that HATR - FT-IR method was combined with chemometrics to apply in the Identify research among Taxus chinensis, Cryptomeria fortunei, Taxodium distichum, and Metasequoia glyptostroboides.
Keywords: Horizontal Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy; DWT; SVM; Taxus Chinensis; Identification
Authors: Zhaohui Liang; Gang Zhang; Li Jiang; Wenbin Fu
Abstract: The efficacy of acupuncture for various disorders is assessed by patient-reported outcome (PRO) technique, thus questionnaires based on PRO were developed and applied in clinical practice and trials. The outcomes of many studies found that different PRO outcomes were inconsistent with each other on evaluating the clinical effect to the same patient. This phenomenon leads to great challenges for both real doctor’s diagnosis and computer aid studies on clinical evaluation. In this paper, we propose a machine learning model based on use Kernel Canonical Correlation Analysis (KCCA), which has been successfully applied in many statistical learning tasks. Through applying transformation on assessing outcomes and diagnostic information, the model can work as a potential approach to improve the correlation between effective outcomes and neck pain disorders with various diagnostic sub-types in clinical practice. To express non-linear relationship between different input variables, linear transformation in some feature space induced by kernel function is applied. We also extend the traditional KCCA algorithm to a multiple variables version aiming at analysis more than two measurements simultaneously. To show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, we construct a learning model to evaluate the acupuncture treatment effect for neck pain through both learnt metric and original PROs for comparison. The experimental data originate from a multi-center randomised control trial on acupuncture for cervical spondylosis neck pain, which was registered on Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (No: ChiCTR-TRC-00000184, http://www.chictr.org). The result shows the model is effective and practical.
Keywords: Metric Learning; Kernel Canonical Correlation Analysis; Feature Space Transformation; Therapeutic Effectiveness Evaluation; Cervical Spondylosis
Authors: Dhan Prakash; Charu Gupta; Girish Sharma
Abstract: Phytochemicals of nutraceuticals importance are bioactive constituents that sustain or promote health and occur at the intersection of food and pharmaceutical industries. Such substances may range from isolated nutrients, dietary supplements and specific diets to genetically engineered designer foods, herbal products, processed foods and beverages. Phytochemicals are broadly described as phytoestrogens, terpenoids, carotenoids, limonoids, phytosterols, glucosinolates, polyphenols, flavonoids, isoflavonoids and anthocyanidins. They have tremendous impact on the health care system and may provide medical health benefits including the prevention and/ or treatment of diseases and physiological disorders. Majority of foods, such as whole grains, beans, fruits, vegetables and herbs contain phytochemicals of nutraceutical importance. These phytochemicals, either alone and/or in combination, have tremendous therapeutic potential in curing various ailments. The respective health benefits are based on science and ethics, for health claims, functional foods and presence of certain phytochemicals. They play specific pharmacological effects in human health as anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, antioxidants, antibacterial, antifungal, antispasmodic, chemopreventive, hepato-protective, hypolipidemic, neuroprotective, hypotensive, antiaging, diabetes, osteoporosis, DNA damage, cancer and heart diseases, induce apoptosis, diuretic, CNS stimulant, analgesic, protects from UVB-induced carcinogenesis, immuno-modulator and carminative.
Keywords: Phytochemicals; Nutraceuticals; Polyphenols Phytoestrogens; Terpenoids; Carotenoids; Limonoids; Phytosterols and Glucosinolates