Volume 2 Issue 4
Authors: Hiroaki Nishi; Tianmeng Shen; Toshiro Togoshi; Masaru Ihara; Ryogo Kubo; Daichi Kawashima
Abstract: Many different approaches are currently utilized in the field of integrated network control systems, known as smart grids. We implemented an energy management system with the aim of developing a future standard for this area. It is difficult to connect heterogeneous systems that contain different standards, even if standardized technologies are available. A concept for an integrated network control system is proposed and demonstrated to overcome this problem. We considered distributed and shared operations in a large system containing various subsystems. This concept maintains interoperability between heterogeneous systems. The concept was demonstrated at the Fukue Port Terminal building in Goto City, Nagasaki Prefecture. A field demonstration of the building energy management system was conducted in the building. This system uses a variety of devices that are produced by seven different companies. An air-conditioning control system to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and achieve electric-load leveling with a battery was implemented and experimented with an application of the proposed system. The battery was emulated by real-time system simulation. Our results demonstrate the effects of a common platform and its advantages.
Keywords: BEMS; Electric-Load Levelling; Heterogeneous System; Protocol
Authors: Yiyang Fan; Hao Zhou
Abstract: Financial crisis and global warming have spurred the development of new energy, but the issue of excess of new energy industry has not been fully reflected in Chinese official documents. Polysilicon and wind power are the main areas where the excessive capacity lies. The paper perceives new energy surplus as a potential hazard and analyzes the structural and institutional factors that would contribute to the surplus. Successful energy innovation is introduced to conceive the applicable strategies for China to develop its new energy industry.
Keywords: New Energy; Capacity Surplus; Technical Upgrading
Authors: D. Hazarika
Abstract: The paper provides an algorithm for a fast continuation load flow to determining critical load for a bus with respect to its voltage collapse limit of an inter connected multi-bus power system using the criteria of singularity of load flow Jacobian matrix. For this purpose, load flow Jacobian matrix of an interconnected multi-bus power system is transformed into a two by two elements Jacobian matrix with respect to a target/selected bus by incorporating the effect of all the other buses of the system on the target bus. The validity of the proposed method has been investigated for the IEEE 30 and IEEE 118 bus system.
Keywords: Voltage Stability; Load Margin; Voltage Collapse; Power System
Authors: Mehdi Rahmani-andebili
Abstract: Because the owners of private vehicles use their vehicles in some hours in a day and their vehicles stay in parking lots without using in the rest of the day, the batteries of plug-in electric vehicles (PIEVs) can be considered as a source of energy storage. This paper takes the perspective of an aggregator that manages the participation of PIEVs fleet in the spinning reserve (SR) market and presents a mathematical model for optimal charging and discharging of the PIEVs, based on driving patterns of the fleet. The aggregator maximizes its profit in SR market subject to a number of technical and contractual constraints. The said problem is a nonlinear and mixed integer problem which is solved using simulated annealing (SA) algorithm.
Keywords: Aggregator; Plug-in Electric Vehicle (PIEV); Spinning Reserve (SR) Market
Authors: Hongjuan Hou; Jian Mao; Na Luo; Yongping Yang
Abstract: To solve the problem of high initial investment and low thermal performance for solar alone thermal power plant, solar/fossil fuels hybrid power system has become a trend of solar thermal power generation in recent years. China is rich in coal and solar energy. At present, coal is the main resource in generating electricity in China. Therefore, solar integrated with conventional coal-fired power generation cycles is considered the best way in China. As an option for easy operation and control flexibility, solar aided feedwater heating of a coal-fired power generation system is discussed and analyzed in this paper. Compared to the common hybrid power system, the main feature of this generation system is, the thermal oil carrying solar energy replaces the extraction steam to heat the feed water and the steam thus saved can continue to do work. Because the solar heat does not enter the turbine, the efficiency (of solar to power) is not limited by the temperature of the solar heat. The performance of the integrated system with different replacements is analyzed based on an example and the impact of solar collector areas and DNI (direct normal irradiation) on the performance of the generation system is discussed as well. The results show that the new integrated system not only contributes to increasing the efficiency of the conventional power station and reducing its emission of greenhouse gases, but also increases the efficiency of solar to electricity; further LEC is also reduced considerably compared with solar only thermal power system. However, the results also indicate that the replacement type, solar collector areas and DNI have great influence on the generation system.
Keywords: Solar Energy; Coal-Fired Thermal Power Generation; Hybrid; Performance
Authors: Li Yang; Tao Jiang; Ying Li; Xingyuan Xiao
Abstract: Based on expounding the current natural endowment condition of coal resources, this thesis collects relative statistical data from 1995 to 2007, using grey correlation analysis method and other mathematical statistics methods to analyze the relationship between coal consumption, economic growth (Urbanization level, Industrial structure, GDP) and the environment. The research indicates that coal consumption and economic growth of Shandong province has significant correlation. One more percent of urbanization level in Shandong province will add 4.8% of coal consumption. Coal consumption and consumption intensity both have a strong correlation with secondary industry and tertiary industry, particularly in most correlation with the secondary industry. 100 more million of GDP will add 12400 tons standard coal in coal consumption. Coal consumption per ten-thousand yuan GDP has firstly increased and then decreased. From 2000 to 2003, coal consumption per ten-thousand yuan GDP increased slowly, and from 2004, it decreased rapidly with nearly one-third improvement of coal use efficiency. Coal consumption and air pollutants emissions of per unit of GDP were negatively correlated. From 1995 to 2007 years, coal consumption has increased year by year, and the unit GDP SO2 emissions and soot volume decreased year by year. This benefits from pollution control efforts and energy structure adjustment and so on. Finally, according to the present situation of coal resources in Shandong province and the relationship between coal consumption and the economic growth and the environment, this thesis puts forward strategies and suggestions of coal resources utilization and continuous development in Shandong province.
Keywords: Grey Correlation Analysis; Coal Consumption; Economic Growth; Industrial Structure; Urbanization Level; Environment; Shandong Province
Authors: Ruud Weijermars
Abstract: A high Corporate Intelligence Quotient (IQ) is crucial for survival in any business. In this study, the Corporate IQ concept has been applied to assess the specific cognitive abilities of energy organizations. The IQ test results confirm that international oil companies (IOCs) lead the industry with best practice as reflected in high Corporate IQs. It takes genius to win the race for access to ever more complex oil and gas prospects. However, the building of enhanced Corporate IQ by organizational learning has now also been taken up successfully by several former national oil companies. Getting to the best oil and gas prospects first and developing these with positive margins means a company must outsmart its oil and gas rivals. If such industry leaders succeed, other companies run a risk of lagging behind. Locally operating oil and gas companies typically lag behind and run a high risk of enterprise disconnect. A deterioration of cash flow is a tell-tale sign of enterprise disconnect from its business environment. What hallmarks the top management of failing companies is a persistent neglect of warning signs and undue risk taking. In contrast, the common denominator of those firms who timely recognize and avoid such mishaps is adeptness to change and rapid organizational learning.
Keywords: Energy Business; Corporate IQ; Organizational Learning; Competition; Corporate Governance; Change Management