Volume 3 Issue 5

Authors: Marwan M. Mahmoud; Walied R. Kukhun; Abdel Karim Daud

Abstract: The aim of the present study is to introduce the thermal production from the biomss, the heat exchange of its production to the working fluid, and higher efficiency thermal fluid transport and the corresponding modification and advanced method. It is found that (i) the production of N2O is suppressed in the lower mix ratio region, i.e., under lean burn condition, (ii) overall heat transfer coefficient for herringbone plate is higher than the other plate shapes and an amplification of frictional pressure drop is substantially suppressed for the separate herringbone plate, and (iii) enhancement heat transfer performance is caused by suspending nanoparticles in pure working fluid.

Keywords: Biomass; Plate Heat Exchanger; Nanofluid; Combustion; Convective Heat Transfer

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Authors: Rafika Mestiri; Ramzi Hadaji; Sassi Ben Nasrallah

Abstract: The stability of the DC electric discharge is very important for its use in different applications. The stability is affected by the appearance of sparks that are very dangerous and may be deadly. To avoid the sparks and to work in a stable condition we must know the parameters that have an influence on the corona discharge stability. In this paper, we investigate the effect of the relative humidity on the direct current electric discharge behaviour. The corona discharge is created between two parallel wire electrodes for aeronautical purpose. Through our experimental study we notice that corona current is not yet interesting when the humidity becomes greater than 50%. Moreover, analysis of corona inception voltage shows that this voltage increases with the relative humidity up to a certain limit after which the corona inception voltage begins to decrease as the air relative humidity increases. We note that the disruption voltage decreases when the humidity increases. Also, the domination of the “Streamer corona” discharge or “Glow corona” discharge is conditioned by the humidity span.

Keywords: Electrodes; Inception Voltage; Corona Discharge; Disruption Voltage; Stable; Corona Current

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Authors: A. A. Bolonkin

Abstract: Author offered and considered possible super strong nuclear matter [1]. But many readers asked about stability of the nuclear matter. It is well-known that the conventional nuclear matter having more than 92 protons or more than 238 nucleons became instable. In given work the author shows the special artificial forms of nuclear AB-matter which make its stability and give the fantastic properties. For example, by the offered AB-needle you can pierce any body without any damage, support motionless satellite, reach the other planet, and research Earth’s interior. These forms of nuclear matter are not in nature now, and nanotubes are also not in nature. That artificial matter is made by men. The AB-matter is also not natural now, but researching and investigating their possibility, stability and properties are necessary for creating them.

Keywords: Femtotechnology; FemtoTech; AB-matter; AB-needle; Application AB-matter; Stability AB-matter

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Authors: Asefa Kabade; Abha Rajoriya; U. C. Chaubey

Abstract: Utilization of solar energy for drinking water supply pumping is a feasible solution especially for remote villages and homes far from power grid. Using photovoltaic (PV) pumps has predominant advantages where grid connection is not available, good solar conditions exist, and distances from transport facilities are long. In solar powered pumps, pumping and transporting water from the source to end user requires a lot of energy. The energy required for pumping and transporting water can be obtained from solar powered pumps. The overall objective of this paper is to study the feasibility of solar powered pump/solar photovoltaic pump for drinking water supply in rural areas of Ethiopia and to compare the economics of photovoltaic pump with diesel generator powered pump.

Keywords: Solar Pump; Solar Energy; Drinking Water; Solar Water Pumping; PV Sizing

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Authors: Luis Alvarez; J. Jaime Sadhwani; José Feo

Abstract: The cost analysis of desalinated water cubic meter produced by reverse osmosis has been widely studied. However, the production lines capacities in these plants are normally different. Usually, a desalination plant has a number of lines with identical productions, whose summary corresponds to the total production capacity. Cost optimization of the most efficient production line affects the scale economy. The destination of this article is within reach of small desalination plants in the range between 500 to 15,000 m3/day in the Canary Islands. This specified range is the most established in the islands. More than 90% of the desalination plants have a production capacity corresponding to the selected range. The methodology used consists in calculating each one of the costs involved in the seawater desalination process, applying actual prices and obtaining a graphic serial according to prices tolerance, from -5% to a value of +5%. Concerning staff costs, it has been recovered data from the iron and steel industrial sector collective agreement of the Autonomous Community. In this article it presents that all the elements directly affect each one of the costs, equations and formula based on factors affecting each one of them, with actual market prices in the Autonomous Community of Canary Islands, making all calculations and obtaining a family of costs graphics for each one. As an innovative and original article, it presents the real costs for small desalination plants, for the established range. It presents a new cost, to bear in mind, according to current regulations, which is the environmental cost, based, among other things, on solving the problem of brine spills directly into the sea. Lastly, this article, as a final result, presents the total value of the cost in €/m3 with the results and graphics for each plant between the before established range in the Canary Islands, obtaining according to them, the most efficient production line. The results are based on a small fluctuating scale economy. The aim of our work is to study the influence of the fouling factor and temperature according to the desired production on the cost in €/m3. Based on it we study the operational and functional costs searching for the production line with the best efficiency. The temperature and the fouling factor are fundamental, observing that there is a saving of 0.3 €/m3. The most efficient production line for reverse osmosis desalination plants in the range of 500 to 15,000 m3/day correspond to a production of 5,000 m3/day, with a conversion factor of 45% at 21ºC of temperature and with a fouling factor of 1.

Keywords: Reverse Osmosis; Unit Costs; Canary Islands; Desalination; Operating Parameters

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Authors: Florian Cioroianu; Marin Radu; John Morris

Abstract: This paper proposes for study a new trend in hydrogen research, conventionally named In Situ Made Hydrogen for Use on Demand. Reasons for hydrogen on demand research were presented in the previous paper [8]. The study refers strictly to a new technology, based on specific characteristics of a membrane and a catalyst, to produce higher quantity of gas, hydrogen and oxygen, with less input of energy, by increasing electrode-surface contact by more than 2 000 m2 per gram of catalyst under normal temperature and pressure conditions. Water contact surface can be increased in the same space by adding more catalyst and increasing current flow do not increase the resistance on the electrodes[1. p. 17], in this case particles of carbon (C) playing role of an electrode. Thus, by experiment, new characteristics of Carbon (C) were identified.

Keywords: In Situ Hydrogen Production; Use on Demand; Electro-catalytic Membrane; Water Decomposition; Particle of Carbon; New Characteristics; Ecologic gas.

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Authors: Shuichi TORII

Abstract: The aim of the present study is to introduce the thermal production from the biomss, the heat exchange of its production to the working fluid, and higher efficiency thermal fluid transport and the corresponding modification and advanced method. It is found that (i) the production of N2O is suppressed in the lower mix ratio region, i.e., under lean burn condition, (ii) overall heat transfer coefficient for herringbone plate is higher than the other plate shapes and an amplification of frictional pressure drop is substantially suppressed for the separate herringbone plate, and (iii) enhancement heat transfer performance is caused by suspending nanoparticles in pure working fluid.

Keywords: Biomass; Plate Heat Exchanger; Nanofluid; Combustion; Convective Heat Transfer

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