Volume 2 Issue 4
Authors: Hua Li; Jinliang Zhou; Xiaoshuang Chen
Abstract: 1, 3-propane sultone is synthesized through free-radical addition reaction, acid reaction and intermolecular dehydration reaction from allyl alcohol serving as the starting materials. Compared with other reaction systems, the improved method for preparing of 1, 3-propane sultone has many advantages, such as mild reactive conditions, easy for operation and control, and the yield is up to 95%. The process is applicable to the industrial development for preparation for 1, 3-propane sultone.
Keywords: Allyl Alcohol; 3-Hydroxypropanesulfonic Acid; Synthesis; Characterization; 1, 3-Propane Sultone
Authors: Vytla Ramachandra Murty; Selvaraj Raja
Abstract: Liquid-liquid equilibrium data of aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) formed by sodium citrate (SC) and poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) of different molecular weights (600, 1000, 2000, 4000, and 6000) with water was determined at different pH (6, 7, and 8). Binodal data was described using a third order polynomial equation and statistical significance of the parameters was done by regression analysis. The tie-lines were correlated using the Othmer-Tobias and Bancroft equations. An increase in molecular weight of PEG shifted the binodal curve to lower PEG and salt concentrations. An increase in pH showed similar shape and tend to merge at high concentration of PEG and salt.
Keywords: Aqueous Two-Phase Systems; Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium; Binodal Curve; Titration Method; Tie-Line Length; Purification; Downstream Processing
Authors: Yuying Zheng; Qifeng Du; Xianbin Liu; Zhongwen Deng; Youfang Zhang
Abstract: The aluminum-titanium compound coupling agent was used for surface organic modification of kaolinite and kaolinite/Ploy (vinyl chloride) (PVC) composites were prepared by molten blending process. The performances of kaolinite and composites were investigated by fourier transform-infraredspectra (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), torque rheometer, environment scanning electron microscope (ESEM) and Ultraviolet visible (UV-vis) absorption spectra. With the FTIR and TGA results, it was confirmed that an organic coating layer was formed on the surface of kaolinite. Torque rheological plots show that the processability of modified kaolinite filled PVC was better than untreated kaolinite system. When filled with 10 wt% modified kaolinite, the comprehensive mechanical performance of PVC has achieved the best. ESEM images showed that modified kaolin can evenly disperse in PVC matrix. TGA and UV-vis spectrum analysis indicated that kaolin can improve thermal stability of PVC composite.
Keywords: Kaolinite; PVC; Processability; Thermal Stability;UV-Vis Spectra
Authors: M. Shahid Ansari; Hafiz ur Rehman; Saima Naz
Abstract: Selective solvation of Co2+ in aqueous ethanol has been studied by measuring visible-region spectra and changes therein upon addition of ZnCl2. The study is based on comparison of spectra in the mixtures with those in the individual neat solvents. Water exhibited stronger selective solvation. On increasing ethanol content absorbance due to organo-complex increased at the expense of the aquo-complex. Only the above two solvation complexes of Co2+ have been found to co-exist in the system. As a simple model it is suggested that Co2+ distribute themselves between the two types of solvation spheres. A value of 25±2 has been estimated for the distribution coefficient which is defined as the concentration ratio (caq./corg.). Upon ZnCl2 addition to the Co2+ solutions in ethanol-rich mixtures (xethanol ≥ 0.6) increase of absorbance for the aquo-complex while simultaneous decrease for the organo-complex indicated more favoured formation of the aquo-complex by Co2+ as compared to Zn2+.
Keywords: Cobalt (II) Solvates; Aqueous Ethanol; Selective Solvation; Visible-Region Spectra
Authors: V. Parthasarathy; R. Anbarasan
Abstract: Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) was chemically grafted with two different mercaptoesters such as butyl3-mercaptopropionate (B3MP) and ethyl2-mercaptopropionate (E2MP) using dicumylperoxide (DCP) as a free radical initiator in an inert atmosphere at 160°C by thermolysis method. Functionalization reaction was done under various % weight loading of esters. During the functionalization process, crosslinking and C=C formation reactions were competitive. The order of reactions was analyzed by FTIR based kinetics. The ester functionalized LDPE was further characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) methods. The results were critically compared.
Keywords: LDPE; Functionalization; DSC; TGA; Kinetics; Crosslinking
Authors: Abbas Hamid Sulaymon; Adel Obaid Sharif; Thana Kamil Al-Shalchi; Ali Hussein Abbar
Abstract: The mass transport properties of a stainless steel electrode were characterized based on the electrodeposition of cadmium from diluted solutions containing Cd (II) ions. The study was performed in a three–electrode configuration using 0.5 M of sodium sulfate as the supporting electrolyte with Cd (II) concentration ranging from 50 to 200 mg/L. From the current potential curves under conditions of the experiment, the limiting currents were determined at potential of -1.0 V against a saturated calomel electrode, and were used to calculate the diffusion coefficients, the diffusion and hydrodynamic layer thicknesses and the mass transfer coefficients for Cd (II). Dimensionless Sherwood, Reynolds and Schmidt numbers were fitted to final empirical correlation: Sh=0.664〖Re〗^(0.528) 〖Sc〗^(1/3) For 25101<Re>52726 and 449<Sc>787.
Keywords: Electrochemical Deposition; Cadmium; Rotating Disk Electrode; Stainless Steel Cathode