Volume 3 Issue 1
Authors: A. V. Dunaev; D. A. Rogatkin
Abstract: The paper discusses the possibilities of noninvasive optical spectrophotometric diagnostic techniques for registration and evaluation of changes in blood microcirculation processes at low level laser therapy. Preliminary results of experimental studies are presented. Visible stimulation of blood microcirculation was steadily observed only in the case of tissue heating on 0.8...1 0C or more.
Keywords: Low Level Laser Therapy; Microcirculation of Blood; Laser Doppler Flowmetry; Tissue Reflectance Oximetry; Thermography
Authors: Almur A S. Rabih; K. M. Begam; Taib Ibrahim; Zainal A. Burhanudin
Abstract: A capacitive device was designed to differentiate properly slaughtered chicken from non-properly slaughtered chicken. It was observed that there is a clear difference in terms of dielectric properties and colour. Non-properly slaughtered chicken has shown higher dielectric properties compared to the properly slaughtered chicken. The dielectric properties (relative permittivity and dissipation factor) of properly slaughtered chicken and non-properly slaughtered chicken were measured using the designed parallel plate capacitor and LCR meter in the frequency range of 100 Hz to 2 kHz. Measurements were conducted at 3 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours and up to 15 days after slaughtering. The performance of the designed parallel plate capacitor was verified by measuring the dielectric constants of perfect dielectrics such as A4 paper and FR4 substrate. Very low percentage error (0.47%) was observed, which makes this technique reliable to be used to measure the dielectric properties of meat. Experimental results were validated through theoretical calculation using Maxwell Garnett Mixing Rule.
Keywords: Properly Slaughtered and Non-Properly Slaughtered Chicken; Relative Permittivity; Dissipation Factor
Authors: Hagen Stosnach
Abstract: In this paper the possibilities and restrictions of TXRF spectroscopy for the analysis of selenium in different sample types are evaluated. Liquid medical samples like urine were accurately analysed for selenium contents in the range of 4.2 to 91 µg/l via quantification with internal standardisation. Additionally, successful quantification of selenium in blood serum, whole blood, seminal plasma, hair samples, placenta and laboratory mice tissue is reported, covering a concentration range from 36 µg/l (human seminal plasma) to 2735 mg/kg (laboratory mice tissue). Solid food samples were analysed after slurry preparation and microwave aided acid digestion. The analysis of various certified reference materials proved that an accurate analysis of selenium by means of TXRF is possible with both approaches. This was confirmed by TXRF and ICP-MS analysis of different animal tissue and feed samples. Similar results were obtained for the analysis of selenium in liquid healthcare products by means of TXRF and ICP-OES analysis. In summary it was found that even though detection limits are above ICP-MS and measurement times are longer, compared to established techniques, TXRF is a suitable supplementary tool for selenium analysis. Major advantages of this method are the extremely easy sample preparation and quantification as well as the low sample amounts (few µl) needed.
Keywords: Selenium; Medical Sample; Food Samples; Health Care Samples
Authors: Tatiana V. Osipova; Tatiana P. Ryabykh; Zinaida A. Sokolova; Valentina I. Karaseva; Nikolay B. Paklin
Abstract: Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is the main marker of prostate cancer (PCa). Two forms of the antigen, the total and the free (PSAt and PSAf), and their ratio are used in the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with PCa. Modern biochip technology allows to create new, improved diagnostic systems for determining tumor markers. The aim of the study was to assess the diagnostic efficacy of a new test system in a microchip format (EIMB RAS) to define two forms of PSA in human serum. On a large clinical material including 164 samples of blood serum of cancer, non-cancer patients and healthy donors, we have shown that the test system in a microchip format allows a simultaneous quantitation of PSAt and PSAf and makes it possible to obtain results that are comparable with the results of conventional ELISA test systems. Using logistic regression models and ROC-analysis showed that the new test system in a microchip format had the diagnostic efficacy comparable with the efficiency of the widely used ELISA test systems Fujirebio Diagnostics (Sweden), and in some cases surpassed the last in terms of specificity (PSAt and %PSAf). The values of the areas under the ROC-curves (AUCs) when used multifactor models are 0.725 for the system in a microchip format, and 0.642 for ELISA test kits Fujirebio Diagnostics.
Keywords: Protein Microchip; Diagnostic Test Systems; Prostate Cancer; Prostate Specific Antigen; ROC-analysis