Volume 4 Issue 3
Authors: Hirohisa Sakai; Kakuro Amasaka
Abstract: To achieve simultaneous, worldwide high quality assurance and other global production developments, today’s task is to maintain high reliability in production facilities. In response to the increasing expansion of overseas plants, it is necessary to improve and maintain highly accurate production equipment through the development of intelligence operators. The authors clarify in this paper Advanced TPS as a global production technology and management model designed to realize high quality assurance in global production. Furthermore, the authors propose V-MICS-VM (Virtual - Maintenance Innovated Computer System – utilizing Visual Manual) that contributes to Advanced TPS utilizing a visual manual that consists of three elements, (i) fundamental skill acquisition (-FSA), (ii) equipment knowledge acquisition (-EKA) and (iii) preventive maintenance acquisition (-PMA). Specifically, the authors developed a visual manual that can be simultaneously distributed and used throughout the world. The effectiveness of this system has been verified in the domestic and overseas Toyota plants.
Keywords: Global Production, Intelligence Operator, Advanced TPS, V-MICS-VM, Visual Manual, Toyota
Authors: Robert Masiag; Tomasz Lubicki; Krzysztof Jedziniak; Mariusz Przybylik
Abstract: The need for advanced technological solutions in the energy sector has become more important during the past few years. Many players are hoping that smart grids will revolutionize the energy sector and bring significant benefits to energy companies and customers. There is also a belief that smart energy infrastructure will support demand response solutions and rollout of distributed generation. All these will lead to increase of energy efficiency and will support achievement of 3x20 goals defined by European Union. The key for the success is the mitigation or regulatory, technology and social risks. The Smart Grid Ready concept structures smart metering investments so that the final solutions are resistant to technological, regulatory and customer acceptance uncertainties. It is also a concept enabling emergence of demand response services and supporting investment in distributed generation assets. This paper presents a concept for shaping investments in advanced metering infrastructure to ease implementation of more advanced smart grid solutions.
Keywords: Global Production, Intelligence Operator, Advanced TPS, V-MICS-VM, Visual Manual, Toyota
Authors: Ibraheem eem; Omveer Singh
Abstract: This article presents the operation and control of complex interconnected power systems with automatic generation control (AGC). Keeping in view the current status of power systems in India, operation of interconnected power systems, the control functions employed at different control levels are discussed and reviewed. Recent advances in control strategies like the application of intelligent techniques is considered in the power systems.
Keywords: AGC, Intelligent Techniques, Interconnected, Power Systems
Authors: Santosh Sonar; T. Maity; T. Maity
Abstract: A simple voltage converter based on LC network is capable of bucking and boosting the voltage level of input supply without any phase difference. The number of reactive components and switches used in the circuit is minimum. The paper presents the working principle and elaborates performance evaluation of this converter in different operating conditions. High speed IGBTs are used as bi-directional switch of the ac-ac converter and it is able to deliver smooth variable output voltage across the load without using any additional filter. The optimise use of the LC network helps to make the circuit simple, small size and cost-effective. The effects of L and C were studied separately and the quality of the output was examined with total harmonic distortion. The effect of switching frequency over the performance is also presented. The converter operation was verified with suitable experimental support.
Keywords: Ac-ac Converter; Z-Source Converter; Buck-Boost; Llow Cost
Authors: Z. Oktay; C. Coskun; M. Ertürk
Abstract: The main aim of this study is to provide a new perspective for general insulation calculations. Some important points previously ignored in other studies were considered in this study. A new approach was proposed to obtain precise and realistic results. Four important recommendations regarding determination of the degree-hours values, effect of concrete columns on external wall, type of credit, consideration of labor and auxiliary equipment costs exist for the proposed approach. Optimum insulation thicknesses, energy savings and payback period calculations were conducted for different fuels, degree-hours values and type of credit for insulation.
Keywords: Optimum Insulation Thickness; Life-Cycle Cost; Energy Saving, Payback Period, Degree-Hours
Authors: Thumesha Kaushalya Jayasinghe; Paweetida Sungwornpatansakul; Kunio Yoshikawa
Abstract: Biodiesel fuel (BDF) is derived from renewable resources and it is possible to avoid the dependence on petroleum fuel. The main challenge is to reduce the high BDF production cost resulting from the consumption of raw material and energy. In this study, two different mixing methods, namely the mechanical mixing method and the emulsification mixing method, were used for the esterification reaction to reduce the free fatty acid (FFA) contents in the Jatropha curcas oil. The conversion of FFA in Jatropha curcas oil to methyl esters was carried out using 98% Sulfuric (H2SO4) acid as a catalyst. The main objective of this study is to establish a proper mixing method that reduces the consumption of methanol intake and energy. The results showed that by using the emulsification mixing method, the acid value of Jatropha oil could be reduced from 9.3 mgKOH/1g oil to less than 2 mgKOH/1g oil using 1% w/w of H2SO4 acid with the molar ratio of methanol to oil of 0.8:1 at the temperature of 600C, whereas the mechanical mixing method required 1.25% w/w of H2SO4 acid with the methanol to oil molar ratio of 0.9:1 and stiring speed of 600 rpm at the temperature of 600C. The test results revealed that the emulsification mixing method is a promising alternative mixing method to the mechanical mixing method for the esterification reaction.
Keywords: Biodiesel; Jatropha; Esterification; Free Fatty Acids; Emulsification mixing
Authors: Shubhajit Roy Chowdhury; Varun Ramchandani
Abstract: The paper proposes Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) implementation of a novel algorithm for short term electric load estimation and hardware implementation of load scheduling algorithm from the dataset generated by load estimation algorithm. The algorithm proposed in this paper uses load consumption and temperature of previous few days as parameters for estimation and this forecasted data is used for scheduling purpose. The information of load consumption can be obtained from smart meters already installed in smart grid. Estimation is done separately for Weekdays & Weekends/Public Holidays. The approach proposed applies all these parameters as coefficients for Kalman Filter algorithm to estimate hourly loads. Using the proposed algorithm the load was estimated with absolute mean percentage error of as low as 1%, which is better than using Artificial Neural Network technique where the absolute mean percentage error has been found to be around 2.2%, and the algorithm for load scheduling has been successfully implemented on the logic of FPGA.
Keywords: Load Forecasting; Load Scheduling; Kalman Filter; Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE); Smart Grid; FPGA